The Trojan Horse was a huge, hollow wooden horse constructed by the Greeks to gain entrance
into the City of Troy during the Trojan War in the 12th or 13th century B.C.
This legendary conflict stirred the imagination of the ancient Greeks more
than any other event in their history, and was celebrated in the Iliad
and the Odyssey of Homer, as well as a number of other early works now
lost, and frequently provided material for the great dramatists of the
Classical Age. It also figures in the literature of the Romans (e.g.,
Virgil's Aeneid) and of later European peoples down to the 20th
century.
In the traditional accounts,
Paris, son of the Trojan king, ran off with Helen, wife of Menelaus of Sparta,
whose brother Agamemnon then led a Greek expedition against Troy. The ensuing
war lasted 10 years, finally ending when the Greeks pretended to withdraw (deserting the
war defeated) and sailed to the
nearby island of Tenedos to hide. In doing so, they left behind a large
wooden horse with a raiding party of armed warriors cleverly concealed inside,
and Sinon a Greek who feigned desertion and convinced the Trojans that the horse was an offering to Athena that would make
Troy impregnable.
Despite the warnings
from Laocoon and Cassandra
(qq.v.), the trojan horse was taken inside the city gates by the Trojans,
who did not realize that Greek army soldiers were hidden inside. That
night, while the Trojans celebrated their victory, the Greeks snuck out of the
belly of the wooden horse, opened the gates to their comrades (who had
returned from Tenedos undiscovered), and succeeded in conquering
Troy.
This version of the
story was recorded centuries later; the extent to which it reflects actual
historical events is not known. It is told at length in Book II of the Aeneid and is touched upon in the
Odyssey.